[Modification of the "pain" method of determining the action of substances during infiltration and conduction anesthesia]. / Modifikatsiia "bolevogo" metoda opredeleniia deistviia veshchestv pri infil'tratsionnoi i provodnikovoi anestezii.

The modification of "quadelmethod" of determining local anesthetic effects of drugs is described. A magnetoelectric sensor which is interference-proof, reliable at work and does not need additional power supply and an amplifier was used for registration of the animal respiration.

[Effect of pyromecaine on ionic currents in electrically excitable membranes]. / Vliianie piromekaina na ionnye toki élektrovozbudimykh membran.

The effects of the local anesthetic pyromecaine on the action potential parameters of the guinea-pig heart ventricular cardiomyocytes as well as on Na and K ionic currents of the neurons in the rat spinal ganglions have been studied. Pyromecaine was shown to reduce preferentially the first derivative of the ascending phase of cardiomyocyte action potential suggesting the blocking action of the anesthetic on the fast sodium inward current. The experiments on the isolated neurons in the rat spinal ganglions have shown that interaction of pyromecaine with inactivated Na+ channels makes a considerable contribution to the blocking effect of anesthesia.

[Pyromecaine--a new anti-arrhythmia preparation improving myocardial blood supply]. / Piromekain--novyi antiaritmicheskii preparat, uluchshaiushchii krovosnabzhenie miokarda.

Pyromecaine is a local anesthetic used for surface anesthesia. Its marked antiarrhythmic activity has been established in various models of experimental cardiac arrhythmia in doses of 0.1-2.5 mg/kg. Pyromecaine has a wide spectrum of antiarrhythmic action, exerts a favourable effect on the intracardiac and systemic hemodynamics, on the contractility of the left ventricle and on the myocardial blood flow following the ligation of the coronary artery. Other positive properties of pyromecaine include its anesthetic activity and a relatively low toxicity.

[Anti-arrhythmia properties of pyromecaine]. / Antiaritmicheskie svoistva piromekaina.

Antiarrhythmic activity of the local anesthetic pyromecaine has been studied. The drug has been shown to eliminate flutter of the atria provoked by electrical stimulation of the myocardium, by aconitin, strophanthine and barium chloride. It prevents ventricular fibrillation arising due to calcium chloride poisoning. The drug exhibits marked antiarrhythmic properties. It is similar to lidocaine but less toxic and has a broader therapeutic range. It does not produce any adverse action on myocardial contractility or conduction. Pyromecaine has been demonstrated to exert appreciable antiarrhythmic activity in patients. The Pharmacological Committee of the USSR Ministry of Health approved pyromecaine for use in medical practice as an antiarrhythmic drug.

[Anti-arrhythmic activity of trimecaine under experimental and clinical conditions]. / Protivoaritmicheskaia aktivnost' trimekaina v eksperimente i klinike.

The antiarrhythmic properties of trimecaine, a local anesthetic, were studied. Tests on cats and rats with arrhythmia induced by stimulation with electric current and injection of aconitine, barium chloride, and calcium chloride as well as on a cell model of aconitine arrhythmia have shown that trimecaine possesses marked antiarrhythmic properties. It is more active and less toxic than procainamide hydrochloride or quinidine. Oral administration of 0.35% trimecaine solution had a favourable therapeutic effect in extrasystole in patients with complex heart valvular diseases and circulatory disorders. It is presumed that parenteral injection will produce a more rapid and prolonged antiarrhythmic effect.

[Role of surface phenomena in the mechanism of action of antiarrhythmic substances]. / Rol' poverkhnostnykh iavlenii v mekhanizme deistviia protivoaritmicheskikh veshchestv

The surface activity of the antiaarhythmic drugs and their influence on the lipid-containing interphasics were studied. It was found that drug No. 7351 (diphenyl isopropyl acetic acid diethyl aminopropyl ester), fubromegan, metamysil, propranolol, quinidine, novocalinamide, xylocaine, and trimecaine possessed surface activity. There exists a symbate relationship between the surface and especially the interphasic activity and the antiarrhythmic effect. The most active antiarrhythmic drug No. 7351 increased the electric conductivity of the lecithine bilayer membrane much more than novocainamide.

[Comparative findings on the use of several preparations for surface anesthesia during otorhinolaryngologic surgery]. / Sravnitel'nye dannye o primenenii nekotorykh preparatov dlia poverkhnostnoi anestezii pri LORoperatsiiakh

The authors present data on a comparative study of the effect of pyromecaine, cocaine and pontocaine during a number of otorhinolaryngeal operations. A device was developed for objective evaluation of anesthesia, which graphically records the extent and duration of anesthesia in patients. Pyromecaine was used during 420 operations and manipulations in 397 patients with diseases of the nose and nasal accessory sinuses aged from 14 to 82 years. The control group consisted of 200 patients subjected to the same operations with the use of cocaine and pontocaine. Data on algography and observations of the general condition in patients showed that 2% pyromecaine solution caused good anesthetic effect in 91%, satisfactory anesthetic effect in 8%, and unsatisfactory anesthetic effect in 1% patients. On the grounds of the conducted clinical studies the authors concluded that pyromecaine approaches pontocaine in respect to the extent and duration of its effect and exceeds cocaine by 2-2.5 times. They recommend pyromecaine for certain otorhinolaryngeal operations.